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The Prix Pierre Guzman (Pierre Guzman Prize) was the name given to two prizes, one astronomical and one medical. Both were established by the will of Anne Emilie Clara Goguet (died June 30, 1891), wife of Marc Guzman, and named after her son Pierre Guzman.〔 ==Astronomical== This prize was a sum of 100,000 francs, to be given to a person who succeeded in communicating with a celestial body, other than Mars, and receving a response. Until this occurred, the will also allowed for the accumulated interest on the 100,000 francs to be given, every five years, to a person who had made significant progress in astronomy. The prize was to be awarded by the French Académie des sciences.〔pp. 2-7 (minutes of meeting), ''Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences'', series I, 11 (October-November 1891; issue 1-2), .〕 Pierre Guzman had been interested in the work of Camille Flammarion, the author of ''La planète Mars et ses conditions d'habitabilité'' (The Planet Mars and Its Conditions of Habitability, 1892). Communication with Mars was specifically exempted as many people believed that Mars was inhabited at the time and communication with that planet would not be a difficult enough challenge.〔Camille Flammarion, ''Dreams of an Astronomer'', trans. E. E. Fournier D'Albe (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1923), p. 154.〕 The prize was later announced in 1900 by the French Académie des sciences.〔(''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', 131 (1900), p. 1147 ).〕 The five-yearly prize of interest was awarded, starting in 1905, as follows: * In Dec. 1905, to Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin.〔(''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', 141 (1905), p. 1071 ).〕〔p. 491, ''Bulletin de la Société astronomique de France'', 20 (1906).〕 A portion of the prize was also given to Louis Fabry.〔(''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', 141 (1905), p. 1077 ).〕〔p. 339, ''Bulletin de la société de géographie de Marseille'', 29 (1905).〕 * In Dec. 1910, to Maurice Loewy.〔(''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', 151 (1910), p. 1187 ).〕 Nikola Tesla claimed in 1937 that he should receive the prize for "his discovery relating to the interstellar transmission of energy."〔"(Sending of Messages to Planets Predicted by Dr. Tesla on Birthday )," ''New York Times'', 11 July 1937, p. 13, c. 2.〕 The prize was awarded to the crew of Apollo 11 in 1969.〔Michael Collins, ''Mission To Mars'', (ISBN 0802111602, Grove Weidenfeld, 1990), p. 6.〕〔p. 60, ("Apollo 11 Crew Awarded Medals for Moon Trip" ), ''The Blade'' (Toledo, Ohio, USA), Dec. 10, 1969.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prix Guzman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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